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红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta Buren）原产南美洲，是全球最危险的100种恶性入侵物种之一。自2004年广东省发现红火蚁入侵以来，对中国大陆多个省份的生态安全、人类生命健康等造成了严重危害，红火蚁的快速扩散蔓延是造成危害的关键，亟需通过研究其发生和扩散蔓延规律，制定高效的防控措施。基于此，通过查阅发生记录和实地调查明确了红火蚁在我国的分布范围、重建了2012年至2021年的时空扩散过程，查明了其不同年份新入侵地的分布格局；同时，通过连接数目统计方法，构建基于不同媒介的扩散模型，以识别红火蚁的扩散模式及其驱动因素。研究发现，截至2021年，红火蚁已扩散至华南、华中、华东和西南地区12个省份的579个县。自2012年以来入侵县的数量呈现出指数增长趋势。红火蚁在扩散过程中形成了空间聚集型分布格局，新入侵县与324国道和沪昆高速以及相邻县之间的公共边界在空间上呈现显著相关性（P<0.05）。这种分布格局是由红火蚁婚飞主导的邻近县间连续式或填充式扩散和人为因素（苗木运输等）驱动的沿324国道和沪昆高速跨区域跳跃式扩散共同导致的。研究结果对制定和发展高效的源头治理、早期监测预警方案具有重要意义。
Abstract：Solenopsis invicta Buren,native to South America,is one of the 100 most dangerous invasive species in the world. Since its invasion was discovered in Guangdong Province in 2004,it has caused serious harm to the ecological security and human health in multiple provinces of mainland China. The rapid spread of S. invicta is the key factor contributing to its harmful effects. It is urgent to study the occurrence and spread pattern in order to develop effective prevention and control measures. Based on the investigation of occurrence records and field surveys,the distribution range of S. invicta in China has been identified,and the spatio-temporal spread process from 2012 to 2021 has been reconstructed. The distribution pattern of new invasion sites in different years has also been determined. Furthermore,by using join-count statistics methods,diffusion models based on different media have been constructed to identify the spread modes and their driving factors of new invasion sites in different years. We found that as of 2021,S. invicta has spread to 579 counties in 12 provinces in South,Central,East,and Southwest China. The number of invaded counties has exponentially increased since 2012. S. invicta has formed patial clustered distribution pattern,and newly invaded counties showed significant spatial correlation with G324 Road,Shanghai-Kunming Expressway and public boundaries between adjacent counties(P<0.05). This distribution pattern is jointly caused by the dominant aerial mating flights of S. invicta leading to continuous or infilling spread between neighboring counties,as well as the human factors(such as nursery plant transportation) driving the cross-regional jumping diffusion along G324 Road and Shanghai-Kunming Expressway. Our results are of great significance for formulating and developing efficient source control and early monitoring and warning programs.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19662/j.cnki.issn1005-2755.2024.03.002
中图分类号:S433
引用信息:
[1]温宏伟,王瑞,郭建英等.外来入侵物种红火蚁在我国的时空分布格局与扩散模式[J].植物检疫,2024,38(03):8-13.DOI:10.19662/j.cnki.issn1005-2755.2024.03.002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1000500）